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PRAMBANAN TEMPLE

Prambanan TempleRemember the story of Roro Jonggrang and Bandung Bondowoso? A chronicle about a beautiful princess was cursed into a statue used for the 1000th sculpture of a temple. According to the Javanese tradition, the tale is believed occurred in Prambanan temple that was also called as Roro Jonggrang temple as the result.
 
Prambanan temple is situated around 17 kilometers east ward of the city of Yogyakarta. It only takes about 15 minutes by car to reach Prambanan temple, the most beautiful Hindu temple compound in the world. The temple lies on the border of Sleman, Yogyakarta and Klaten, Central java.
 
As walking into the major temple compound from the north, one will find a sculpture of a beautiful princess, Roro Jonggrang. According to the legend, Roro Jonggrang was a lovely daughter of King Boko who became a complement statue to fulfill the construction of the temple. The story stated that a young man named Bandung Bondowoso wanted to marry Roro Jonggrang, but Roro Jonggrang did not love Bandung Bondowoso and she refused him. A scenario set to refuse the marriage. Roro Jonggrang then asked Bandung Bondowoso to build a thousand temples in one night. For common people, it was impossible thing for a man to build a temple with thousand statues only in one night. By supernatural power, Bandung Bondowoso was almost successfully finishing the task. It was a bad news for Roro Jonggrang to know that Bandung Bondowoso nearly succeeded establishing the shrine. In order to stop the establishment, she asked the maidens east of the village to burn the hay and pounds the rice, hence it caused a dawn situation when the sun was about to rise. The action succeeded to create the dawn situation as the cooks began to crow. Hearing the crowing cooks, all the supernatural run away because they think that the dawn has come. Knowing that he was fail establishing the temple due to Roro Jonggrang’s trick, Bandung Bondowoso was unable to control his anger. He cursed Roro Jonggrang into a statue that now is in the temple to complete the amount of the temple. She then became the last and the most beautiful of the thousand statues at the temple.

Prambanan is the biggest Hindu temple in South East Asia located on Central Java and Yogyakarta. It has a main temple looks like Gunungan (mount at leather puppet shadow play). Prambanan temple has three main temples in the primary yard; those are Vishnu, Brahma, and Shiva temples. Those three temples are the symbols of Trimurti in Hindu belief that all of them face to the east. Each main temple has accompanying temple facing to the west, namely bull Nandini for Shiva, Angsa for Brahma, and Garuda for Vishnu. Besides, there are 2 flank temples, 4 kelir temples and 4 corner temples. In the second area, there are 224 temples.

Shiva temple, the biggest and the tallest temple located in the middle. The temple is equipped with four rooms. Its dimension is 34 m x 34 m with 47 meters height. The main gate faces to the east and has four rooms on each side. One main room contains Shiva statue (Shiva Mahadewa), while the other three rooms contain the statues of Durga (Shiva's wife), Agastya (Shiva's teacher), and Ganesha (Shiva's son). Durga statue is said to be the statue of Roro Jonggrang in the above legend.
 
Reliefs depicting the heavenly creatures were carved around the foot of the Shiva temple symbolizing the cosmic system. Entering the temple from the south and walking around the sub base of the temple with the main shrine on your right (Pradaksina), we will see the whole relief of the Story of Ramayana. The story ends at the relief carved on the balustrade of Brahma temple. The story of Kresnadwipayana which tells the childhood of Prabu Kresna can be seen on the balustrade of Vishnu temple.
 
Brahma temple, to the south of Shiva temple, is smaller than Shiva temple with 20 m x 20 m and 33 meters height. It only has one stair entrance on the east side where the Brahma statue is located. On this area, there is relief Ramayana that continues the story on the Shiva temple. The end of the story is Kusa and Lawa to be promoted as Pangeran Pati.
 
Vishnu temple, to the north of Shiva temple, has the same size with Brahma temple which is 20 m x 20 m and 33 meters height. It only has one stair entrance on the east side where the Vishnu statue is located. On this temple, the relief tells about the Kresnayana that describes about the life and the glory of the Gods of Vishnu. In the relief, Kresna is described as the reincarnation of Vishnu. In Vishnu temple, there is one temple named Garuda temple that is located close to Vishnu temple. This temple keeps a story of half-bird human being named Garuda. Garuda is a mystical bird in Hindu mythology. The figure is golden body, white face, red wings, with the beak and wings similar to eagles. It is assumed that the figure is Hindu adaptation of Bennu (means 'rises' or 'shines') that is associated with the God of the Sun or Re in Old Egypt mythology or Phoenix in Old Greek mythology. Garuda succeeded in saving his mother from the curse of Aruna (Garuda's handicapped brother) by stealing Tirta Amerta (the sacred water of the gods).
 
Prambanan Temple
Prambanan Temple
Prambanan Temple
 
The temple complex is surrounded by more than 250 individual temples of different sizes, called Pewara. Pewara are believed to offered to the king as a sign of submission. The Pewara are arranged in four rows around the central temples, and people allowed to enter them based on their rank. The central row was accessible to the priests only, while the other three were reserved for the nobles, the knights and the simple people respectively.
 
This Hindu temple was built by either Rakai Pikatan, king of the second Mataram dynasty, or Balitung Maha Sambu, during the Sanjaya Dynasty in the 9th century (around 850). According to the prasasti Ciwagrha in 856 by Rakai Pikatan, Prambanan temple is constructed with one concept as a center of devotion for Shiva as the main statue.
 
Prambanan temple was once again recognized by a Dutchman named C.A. Lons who came to Java in 1733 and found the ruins of temple in grassland. The first effort to preserve the temple was made by Ijzerman in 1885 by cleaning up the rooms from the stone ruins. In 1902, led by Van Erp, the restoration was begun of Shiva temple, Vishnu temple and Brahma temple. As the world attention began to grow on the temple, in 1933 Vishnu temple and Brahma temple were successfully restored in trial. On December 23 1953, Shiva temple was also restored. Brahma temple was restored officially in 1978 and publicly finished in 1987. Vishnu temple was restored officially in 1982 and publicly finished in 1991. The other restoration was made for the three perwara temples which were located on Shiva temple, Vishnu temple and Brahma temple, the fourth kelir temples and the fourth corner temples.
 
Nowadays, Prambanan temple is still identical with the story of Ramayana, therefore from May-October at full moon, the story of Ramayana (sendratari) is usually presented in the evening at 19.30 - 21.30 WIB. Being a traditional dance, it is performed on an open-air stage at the west of the temple.

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Train Route
Bandung - Jakarta Jakarta - Bandung
Bandung - Madiun Madiun - Bandung
Bandung - Solo Solo - Bandung
Bandung - Surabaya Surabaya - Bandung
Bandung - Yogyakarta Yogyakarta - Bandung
Banyuwangi - Surabaya Surabaya - Banyuwangi
Cirebon - Jakarta Jakarta - Cirebon
Cirebon - Madiun Madiun - Cirebon
Cirebon - Yogyakarta Yogyakarta - Cirebon
Jakarta - Bandung Bandung - Jakarta
Jakarta - Cirebon Cirebon - Jakarta
Jakarta - Madiun Madiun - Jakarta
Jakarta - Malang Malang - Jakarta
Jakarta - Purwokerto Purwokerto - Jakarta
Jakarta - Semarang Semarang - Jakarta
Jakarta - Solo Solo - Jakarta
Jakarta - Surabaya Surabaya - Jakarta
Jakarta - Yogyakarta Yogyakarta - Jakarta
Jember - Surabaya Surabaya - Jember
Madiun - Bandung Bandung - Madiun
Madiun - Cirebon Cirebon - Madiun
Madiun - Jakarta Jakarta - Madiun
Madiun - Malang Malang - Madiun
Madiun - Purwokerto Purwokerto - Madiun
Madiun - Solo Solo - Madiun
Madiun - Surabaya Surabaya - Madiun
Madiun - Yogyakarta Yogyakarta - Madiun
Malang - Jakarta Jakarta - Malang
Malang - Madiun Madiun - Malang
Malang - Purwokerto Purwokerto - Malang
Malang - Yogyakarta Yogyakarta - Malang
Purwokerto - Jakarta Jakarta - Purwokerto
Purwokerto - Madiun Madiun - Purwokerto
Purwokerto - Malang Malang - Purwokerto
Purwokerto - Solo Solo - Purwokerto
Purwokerto - Surabaya Surabaya - Purwokerto
Purwokerto - Yogyakarta Yogyakarta - Purwokerto
Semarang - Jakarta Jakarta - Semarang
Semarang - Surabaya Surabaya - Semarang
Solo - Bandung Bandung - Solo
Solo - Jakarta Jakarta - Solo
Solo - Madiun Madiun - Solo
Solo - Purwokerto Purwokerto - Solo
Solo - Surabaya Surabaya - Solo
Surabaya - Bandung Bandung - Surabaya
Surabaya - Banyuwangi Banyuwangi - Surabaya
Surabaya - Jakarta Jakarta - Surabaya
Surabaya - Jember Jember - Surabaya
Surabaya - Madiun Madiun - Surabaya
Surabaya - Purwokerto Purwokerto - Surabaya
Surabaya - Semarang Semarang - Surabaya
Surabaya - Solo Solo - Surabaya
Surabaya - Yogyakarta Yogyakarta - Surabaya
Yogyakarta - Bandung Bandung - Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta - Cirebon Cirebon - Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta - Jakarta Jakarta - Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta - Madiun Madiun - Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta - Malang Malang - Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta - Purwokerto Purwokerto - Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta - Surabaya Surabaya - Yogyakarta


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